Definitions - cancer

Carcinoma:
Carcinomas are cancers or malignancies that begin in the epithelial tissues. Epithelial cells are the cells that line the entire surface of the body as well as the internal structures and cavities. Carcinomas may affect the breast, lung, prostate, and colon and are among the most common types of cancer in adults.

Carcinomas are rare among children before adolescence. Children are more affected by cancers that are not carcinomas such as leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas.

Myeloid cells
1. Relating to bone marrow.
2. Relating to the spinal cord.
start in immature forms of myeloid cells – white blood cells (other than lymphocytes), red blood cells, or platelet-making cells (megakaryocytes). They are also known as myelocytic, myelogenous, or non-lymphocytic leukemias.

Lymphoid Cells: A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.

Lymphatic (lymphoid) tissue is a kind of connective tissue. It consists of the following types of cells:

Lymphocytes are white blood cells ( leukocytes) that provide an immune response that attacks specific kinds of nonself cells and foreign substances (antigens). There are several major classes of lymphocytes:

T cells (T lymphocytes) originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus gland. T cells attack self cells that have been invaded by pathogens, abnormal self cells (such as cancerous cells), or nonself cells (such as those that might be introduced in an organ transplant).


B cells (B lymphocytes) originate and mature in the bone marrow. When B cells encounter an antigen (a toxin, virus, or bacterium), they produce plasma cells and memory cells. Plasma cells release antibodies that bind to the antigen and inactivate it. Memory cells circulate in the lymph and blood with the capacity to produce additional antigens for future encounters with the same antigen.

Macrophages are enlarged monocytes (white blood cells) that engulf microbes and cellular debris.

Reticular cells and their reticular fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins provide a network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.








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