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Showing posts with label Bone Cancer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Bone Cancer. Show all posts

Monday, 16 January 2017

Pancreatic Cancer

The pancreas is a gland that is located in the upper abdomen behind the stomach just in front of the spine. It is divided into three main parts, consisting of a head, body and tail, which weighs between 60-140 grams, and measures about 15 cm x 4 cm. Like many of the bodies other organs it is also prone to being infected by cancer; however, unlike certain other cancers it is extremely difficult to detect. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


The pancreas is a pear-shaped gland behind the stomach and the liver. Cancer in this gland is rare but notably deadly. Symptoms of pancreatic cancer are only seen during the advanced stage of the disease. Moreover, these symptoms are vague and can be easily overlooked or mistook as another ailment. Unknown to some people, the cancer cells have already spread in their system. This is what makes pancreatic cancer one of the most fatal cancers.

There are some few cases where early signs of pancreatic cancer have been observed. Studies revealed that only 4% of the subjects composed of pancreatic cancer patients observed sudden disgust in food they used to like months before actual diagnosis. Only a percentage suffered pancreatitis and about 5% experienced loss of appetite.

Advanced cancer on this gland is characterized by jaundice or the yellowing of the eyes and the skin. The discoloration is caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood which occurs when a tumor blocks the bile ducts. With the blockage of the ducts, there will also be changes in bowel habits. In addition, stools may lose their normal brown color and turn gray. Urine is also darker. Presence of fat in the stools, or steatorrhea, can also be observed. These fatty stools have strong foul odor and tend to float more.

Apart from jaundice, another symptom of pancreatic cancer concerning the skin is itch. Itchy skin is most often attributed to dermatological problems; however, itch coupled with jaundice may already entail severe illness.

If bilirubin increases, insulin in the blood may decrease causing diabetes. Pancreas secretes insulin and though diabetes can be linked to many other disorders, acquiring onset diabetes is suspicious.

Sudden weight loss can also signify pancreatic cancer. Many would appreciate losing weight, but this can actually lead to more sever illnesses. Together with weight loss, abdominal pains are one of the first symptoms of pancreatic cancer. The pains may occur three hours after eating and even when simply lying down. These pains will be more extensive as the tumor grows bigger. In addition, the abdomen may also swell or bloat.

If the disease is left disregarded, other symptoms will also surface. Vomiting, loss of appetite and malaise are signs common to numerous ailments. But the more common symptoms are, the more they should be taken seriously. It is still best to be sure.


For rare pancreatic cancer involving islet cell tumors, other indications included are heavy sweating, facial flushing, reflux and excessive thirst. Islet cell tumors invade the pancreatic cells that are directly producing insulin. This will trigger overproduction of insulin and other hormones and may induce dizziness, chills and recurrent diarrhoea.


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Friday, 13 January 2017

Liver Cancer


Liver cancer symptoms are the most basic parameters confirming presence of cancerous cells and tumours in liver areas. Early signs also prompt a person to carry further diagnosis and help in early identification and tracing of cancerous polyps. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


One of the best ways of identifying symptoms this at the earliest is to go for regular medical checkups under proper medical prescription and attention.

The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. It is also known as primary liver cancer or hepatoma and hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer arising from the liver.

The liver performs several vital functions. It processes and stores many of the nutrients absorbed from the intestine. It also makes some of the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding from a cut or injury. 

Hemangioma (he-man-ge-O-muh) is the most common type of benign liver tumor. It starts in blood vessels and Hepatic adenomas are benign tumors that start from the main type of liver cells (hepatocytes). 

Women have a much higher chance of having one of these tumors if they take birth control pills, although this is rare. Stopping the pills can cause the tumor to shrink. Hepatic adenomascancer begins in many spots throughout the liver and is not confined to a single tumor. This is most often seen in people with liver cirrhosis and is the most common pattern seen in the United States.


Hepatic tumors also called Liver cancer. Hepatic tumors is are tumors or growths on or in the liver. There are many forms of liver tumors premary is Malignant. 

Malignant, primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (also named hepatoma, which is a misnomer). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). They may be discovered on medical imaging (even for a different reason than the cancer itself). 

Most of the time when cancer is found in the liver, it did not start there but spread to the liver from a cancer that began somewhere else in the body. These tumors are named after the place where they began (primary site) and are further described as metastatic. Symptoms can include a lump or pain on the right side of your abdomen and yellowing of the skin. However, you may not have symptoms and the cancer may not be found until it is advanced.





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Thursday, 12 January 2017

Lung Cancer


The most common cause of lung cancer (small cell [SCLC] and non-small cell [NSCLC]) is smoking (SCLC and NSCLC) - including passive (secondhand) smoke. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
                               


However, other causes may include:

Inhaling harmful fumes (gases such as radon).
Working environments (asbestos factories, carpet mills, firework industries, etc.).
The main reason for the onset of lung cancer is because the lungs are one of the organs most exposed to the external environment, more of than any other organ in the body.

U.K. lung cancer rates have fallen (overall) by 20% since 1975.
2011 annual figures were around 43,500 cases (23,800 men, and 19,700 women).
35,200 moralities (19,600 men, and 15,600 women [same 2011 period]).
Women - 41 in every 100,000 suffer from lung cancer (up from 23 in every 100,000 in 1975).

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the U.K. (breast cancer being in the number-1 spot).

Lung cancer in now the number-1 cancer killer in the U.K., which kills 50% more sufferers than the second most diagnosed cancer - bowel cancer.

87% of all cases diagnosed can be attributed to smoking.

Less than 90% of sufferers will be alive 5-years after diagnosis.

The north of the U.K. tends to suffer from the highest rate of diagnosed cases, whereas the lowest rates are to be found in the east, south-east, and the south-west of the country.

In Scotland, diagnosed cases among women have almost doubled during the past 40 years.


By using a 3-dimensional cell culture system, scientists have been able to identify a mechanism that allows dormant, metastatic tumor cells (cells that have the ability to spread to other regions of the body) to start growing again, even after many years of inactivity (the dormancy of a tumor becomes proliferative metastatic growth [the rapid growth production of new cells]).




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Sunday, 8 January 2017

Colon Cancer

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual margins, and then these abnormal cells can then invade adjacent parts of the body, therefore spread to other organs.
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
                                                             


Sadly, it knows no boundaries. Men, women and children are all at risk. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, there were just about 12.7 million cancer cases seen in the world in 2008. This number was further divided and showed that about 6.6 million of them were male and 6.0 million female. These startling numbers are estimated to increase up to 21 million by the year 2030.

Breaking down those figures even further, these have been found to be the three most common forms of cancer in both sexes:

Lung - the most common type worldwide contributing nearly 13% of the total number of new cases diagnosed in 2008
Breast (women only) - the second most common type with nearly 1.4 million new cases in 2008
Colorectal - the third most common with over 1.2 million new cases in 2008
Gastrointestinal cancers

In fourth place is stomach cancer, along with others that affect the gastro intestine. It is a disease in which bad cells form in organs involved in digesting food or flushing out waste, counting the stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, colon, and rectum and is classified according to the organ in which it forms as follows:

Stomach (also called gastric cancer) begins in the cells that line the inner layer of the stomach and then grow outward. It is often diagnosed at an highly developed stage, when it can be treated but not so often cured.

Risk factors for developing gastrointestinal cancer

Although not much is known about the causes of many types of gastrointestinal cancer, it is known that the risk factors vary among different types. These include:

Diet: Eating a high-fat diet is a risk factor for small intestine, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. A diet high in salty and smoked foods increases the risk to it as well as a diet high in red meat, processed meats and meats cooked at high temperatures increases risk of colorectal cancer. A diet that includes too few fruits and vegetables increases risk of both colorectal and stomach cancer.

Age: Many types of gastrointestinal cancers increase in frequency as people age.

Cigarettes: Smoking cigarettes increases risk of stomach and pancreatic cancer.

Excessive alcohol use: Excess alcohol increases the risk of liver and colorectal cancer.

Obesity: Being overweight is a risk factor for biliary cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Family history of gastrointestinal cancer: If your parent or sibling has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal cancer.

Diabetes: Having diabetes increases your risk of pancreatic cancer and liver cancer.

Sedentary lifestyle: Exercising too little increases the risk of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer.








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Saturday, 7 January 2017

Cervical Cancer

Most common in women over the age of 30, cervical cancer affects the uterine cervix, a part of a woman's reproductive system. The cervix is a passageway that connects the lowest portion of a women's uterus (womb) to the vagina. Cancer begins in cells, which are building blocks that make up tissues. Normal cervical cells in the tissues of the cervix grow and divide to form new cells, as and when the body needs them. These cells have a definite life span.

When normal cells grow old or get damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes, this process goes wrong and new cells form when the body does not need them, and old or damaged cells do not die, as they should. The buildup of such extra cells often forms a mass of tissue called a tumor.

Scientists are not completely sure why cells become cancerous. However, there are some risk factors, which are known to increase the risk of developing cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus is responsible for about 99% of all cervical cancers. There are over 100 different types of HPV, most of which are considered low-risk and do not cause cervical cancer. High-risk HPV types may cause cervical cell abnormalities or cancer. More than 70 percent of cervical cancer cases can be attributed to two types of the virus, HPV-16 and HPV-18, often referred to as high-risk HPV types.

Other risk factors include, multiple sexual partners, becoming sexually active early, smoking, and people with weakened immune system, such as those suffering with HIV/AIDS or transplant recipients on immuno suppressive medications. Certain genetic factors, giving birth at a very young age, multiple pregnancies, long-term use of the contraceptive pill also raises a woman's risk of developing cervical cancer.

Being a silent killer, symptoms of cervical cancer aren't always obvious and it may not cause any symptoms at all until it has reached an advanced stage, where chances of survival are less and the treatment is expensive. Regular screenings are essential to combat this cancer before its spreads.

In most cases, symptoms develop when the cancer becomes invasive and spreads to nearby tissues. When this happens the most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding or bleeding between periods. Other symptoms include bleeding after having sex, pain during intercourse, unusual vaginal discharge, leg pain and swelling and low back pain.

If diagnosed at an early stage, treatment is possible using surgery that is removal of uterus. Radiotherapy is an alternative to surgery for some. In some cases it is used alongside surgery. More advanced cases of cervical cancer are usually treated using a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Friday, 6 January 2017

Brain Cancer

Brain cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Typically, cells stop dividing after they grow old. But cancer cells are forever young and keep on dividing. So, there is a buildup of cells in a particular region of the brain, which grows into a tumour. Some tumours are benign and stay in the same place while malignant or cancerous tumours spread to other parts of the body.
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


DNA Mutation
Cancer occurs when the cell loses its ability to die. In plain speaking, the cells become immortal. And they start multiplying quickly and proliferate at great speeds. It is believed that this change occurs in the cell due to a mutation (change) in the DNA structure of the cell. The abnormal cells have no place to move and start lumping in the location, creating bumps or tumours that we see. Soon, these cells start infecting other cells and make them cancerous.


Age and Gender
Though people of all ages have the risk of getting brain cancer, the rate of occurrence becomes higher with increasing age. Statistics has shown that men are more prone to this brain disease than women. Females, on the other hand, have more non-cancerous type of tumours.

Heredity
Genetic conditions also have a major role in causing cancer. Children of cancer patients are more prone to this disease.

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