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Showing posts with label colon cancer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label colon cancer. Show all posts

Friday, 20 January 2017

Skin Cancer


Skin cancer is one of the commonest forms of this malignant disease. It is commonly caused by exposure of the skin to the sun. Before we talk about the 3 leading causes of skin cancer, let's take a look at the different types of skin cells and their basic functions. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


The top layer of the skin is called epidermis, and it has 3 major types of cells squamous, basal and melanocytes. Squamous cells line the inside of the skin, just below the visible outer layer. 

Below the layer of squamous cells are basal cells, which act as generators of new cells. The final layer of the epidermis consists of melanocytes. These cells produce melanin, a coloring pigment that determines your skin tone. This pigment also plays a vital role in protecting the skin from the harmful UV rays.

1. UV Radiations

A major cause of skin cancer is the ultra violet radiations from the sun. It is caused either due to long-term or short-term exposure to these harmful rays. The 2 common types of UV rays that affect the skin are UVA and UVB. Both the types of sun rays are known to be cancer causing. How do these rays work on damaging the skin cells? They go straight for the jugular - here, the DNA of the skin cells. Once the cell's code is damaged, the cells tend to multiply quickly, leading to cancerous growth. It is not just the sun's UV rays are harmful, even radiations from tanning bed and solarium have been found to be carcinogenic.

2. Chemicals

Many chemicals have also been found to cause non-melanoma cancer. Some of the harmful chemicals are arsenic, shale oil, petroleum products, soot, pitch, nicotine, coal-tar and creosote. People working in chemical factories or leather tanneries may be exposed to one or many of these carcinogenic chemicals. Their work conditions make their skin more vulnerable to the UV rays and to skin cancer.

3. Skin Conditions


Those suffering from skin conditions are prone to this form of cancer as the skin cells are already weak and can be easily affected by the carcinogens. Psoriasis, solar keratosis, Gorlin's syndrome, Xeroderma pigmentosum and eczema could increase the risk of skin cancer. These skin conditions do not by themselves cause skin cancer, but could hasten the formation of cancerous cells as they weaken the skin cells and reduce their natural ability to repair and renew.




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Saturday, 14 January 2017

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer symptoms are very unlikely to be detected unless you have knowledge of the early signs and symptoms. The cancer holds its reputation as "The Silent Killer" because of the lack of obvious symptoms in its early stage when its still curable. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


In three out of four patients, the cancer has already spread from the lower abdomen to other organs before it was discovered in its later stages. And though, 95% of women do experience early signs prior to diagnosis, but sadly the majority of these women do not recognize it as symptoms of ovarian cancer. 

Therefore, it is crucially important to understand the hidden signs that may pass by swiftly in which it becomes too late to cure. Read thoroughly to learn some of the early signs and symptoms.

Today I will talk about a killer to many women. This is one of the cancers that threaten women's life because in many cases it is asymptomatic

Let's talk in brief about the "ovaries". The ovaries are glands present on the sides of the uterus. The ovary has 2 functions:

1. To produce hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)

2. During child-bearing period, it releases an egg monthly

After menopause, the ovary ceases to release eggs but continues to produce hormones but at a lower rate. This cancer occurs when cells in the ovary start to multiply and grow rapidly.

In many women who have ovarian cancer, there are no symptoms. And if there are symptoms, they are non-specific.






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Friday, 13 January 2017

Liver Cancer


Liver cancer symptoms are the most basic parameters confirming presence of cancerous cells and tumours in liver areas. Early signs also prompt a person to carry further diagnosis and help in early identification and tracing of cancerous polyps. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


One of the best ways of identifying symptoms this at the earliest is to go for regular medical checkups under proper medical prescription and attention.

The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. It is also known as primary liver cancer or hepatoma and hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer arising from the liver.

The liver performs several vital functions. It processes and stores many of the nutrients absorbed from the intestine. It also makes some of the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding from a cut or injury. 

Hemangioma (he-man-ge-O-muh) is the most common type of benign liver tumor. It starts in blood vessels and Hepatic adenomas are benign tumors that start from the main type of liver cells (hepatocytes). 

Women have a much higher chance of having one of these tumors if they take birth control pills, although this is rare. Stopping the pills can cause the tumor to shrink. Hepatic adenomascancer begins in many spots throughout the liver and is not confined to a single tumor. This is most often seen in people with liver cirrhosis and is the most common pattern seen in the United States.


Hepatic tumors also called Liver cancer. Hepatic tumors is are tumors or growths on or in the liver. There are many forms of liver tumors premary is Malignant. 

Malignant, primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (also named hepatoma, which is a misnomer). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). They may be discovered on medical imaging (even for a different reason than the cancer itself). 

Most of the time when cancer is found in the liver, it did not start there but spread to the liver from a cancer that began somewhere else in the body. These tumors are named after the place where they began (primary site) and are further described as metastatic. Symptoms can include a lump or pain on the right side of your abdomen and yellowing of the skin. However, you may not have symptoms and the cancer may not be found until it is advanced.





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Thursday, 12 January 2017

Lung Cancer


The most common cause of lung cancer (small cell [SCLC] and non-small cell [NSCLC]) is smoking (SCLC and NSCLC) - including passive (secondhand) smoke. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
                               


However, other causes may include:

Inhaling harmful fumes (gases such as radon).
Working environments (asbestos factories, carpet mills, firework industries, etc.).
The main reason for the onset of lung cancer is because the lungs are one of the organs most exposed to the external environment, more of than any other organ in the body.

U.K. lung cancer rates have fallen (overall) by 20% since 1975.
2011 annual figures were around 43,500 cases (23,800 men, and 19,700 women).
35,200 moralities (19,600 men, and 15,600 women [same 2011 period]).
Women - 41 in every 100,000 suffer from lung cancer (up from 23 in every 100,000 in 1975).

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the U.K. (breast cancer being in the number-1 spot).

Lung cancer in now the number-1 cancer killer in the U.K., which kills 50% more sufferers than the second most diagnosed cancer - bowel cancer.

87% of all cases diagnosed can be attributed to smoking.

Less than 90% of sufferers will be alive 5-years after diagnosis.

The north of the U.K. tends to suffer from the highest rate of diagnosed cases, whereas the lowest rates are to be found in the east, south-east, and the south-west of the country.

In Scotland, diagnosed cases among women have almost doubled during the past 40 years.


By using a 3-dimensional cell culture system, scientists have been able to identify a mechanism that allows dormant, metastatic tumor cells (cells that have the ability to spread to other regions of the body) to start growing again, even after many years of inactivity (the dormancy of a tumor becomes proliferative metastatic growth [the rapid growth production of new cells]).




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Wednesday, 11 January 2017

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is a malignant tumour developed from the kidney cells. Malignant kidney tumours account for 2-5% of malignant cancers in adults. Men are affected twice as often as women. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
        


The cause of kidney cancer is unknown, however, some genetic factors and damages of the kidney cell DNA caused by e.g. cigarette smoking, mutagens or environmental factors are taken into consideration. It is usually diagnosed in people over the age of 45, however, recently, the reduction of the age limit of people who are diagnosed with kidney cancer have been observed, which is affected by the growth of influence of the environmental carcinogenic factors, as well as the spread and constant improvement of diagnosing possibilities.

Cancers constitute 85% of kidney tumours. There are many types of kidney cancer. The most common type is a renal cell cancer. Kidney cancer is very dangerous mainly due to the fact that its symptoms occur in a late stage. It can cause the late detection of the tumour change - often in an advanced developing stage. Kidney cancer often develops in a tricky way without causing any disturbing symptoms.

Early detection and correct diagnosis of the ill person require performing some or all the types of examination mentioned below. 

Diagnostic tests which allow to make a diagnosis include: urine test, blood test (morphology, concentration of urea's creatinine), and imaging tests: ultrasound scan of the abdomen, computed tomography scan, alternatively urography (x-ray examination of the ureters after injecting intravenous dye), renal arteriography (the blood vessels examination using dye). 

Magnetic resonance imaging is sometimes used. A kidney biopsy, that is removing cells from the tumour and examining under a microscope whether the tumour contains the tumour cells is not usually performed. Currently, over 80% of kidney cancers are detected incidentally, usually due to an ultrasound scan performed as a standard procedure or due to other ailments. Therefore, advanced cancers of kidney parenchyma rarely occur (they constitute >15%).

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Tuesday, 10 January 2017

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is cancer that forms in the tissue that lines the uterus. 
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


The uterus is a small, pear-shaped organ that is located in the lower pelvic area of a woman. The uterus is the organ in a woman’s body where a baby grows.


Science is making progress and learning more about the causes of endometrial cancer. Scientists are exploring new ways to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat the disease. Research has helped to improve patients’ quality of life and decrease the chance of dying from endometrial cancer – and more progress is being made all the time.

There are several benign conditions of the uterus that often cause great fear in women:
Fibroids: Fibroids do not develop into cancer.

 They grow in the muscle of the uterus. Most often fibroids occur in women who are in their 40s. Fibroids usually just disappear after menopause.


Endometriosis: This is a condition in which endometrial tissue begins to grow on the outside of the uterus and on nearby organs. It most often occurs in women in their 30s and 40s who have never been pregnant. Endometriosis can cause a great many problems, but cancer isn’t one of them.
Endometrial hyperplasia: Heavy menstrual periods, bleeding between periods, and bleeding after menopause are the most common symptoms of hyperplasia. Endometrial hyperplasia is not cancer, but it can develop into cancer.

All problems associated with the uterus are not cancer – the odds are that when you experience problems, it is NOT cancer.










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Monday, 9 January 2017

Esophageal Cancer

There are two types of esophageal cancer, depending on the type of cells that are malignant. The first type is found in the lining of the esophagus which is made up of flat, thin cells called squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinoma arise in these squamous cells and usually occurs in the upper and middle part of the esophagus.

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/



The other type is called Adenocarcinoma and usually develops at the bottom of the esophagus that are lined with columnar cells.

Esophageal cancer starts in the esophagus but it can develop outside the esophageal wall and spread to other body parts such as bones, lungs, liver and brain through the lymphatic system.

What Lifestyles Trigger Esophageal Cancers?

While squamous cell carcinoma is related to alcohol and any kind of tobacco use, adenocarcinoma is more related to gastroesophageal reflux disease. The development of adenocarcinoma from Barrett's esophagus is considered relatively rare, however its number is increasing higher than any other esophageal cancers.




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Sunday, 8 January 2017

Colon Cancer

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual margins, and then these abnormal cells can then invade adjacent parts of the body, therefore spread to other organs.
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/
                                                             


Sadly, it knows no boundaries. Men, women and children are all at risk. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, there were just about 12.7 million cancer cases seen in the world in 2008. This number was further divided and showed that about 6.6 million of them were male and 6.0 million female. These startling numbers are estimated to increase up to 21 million by the year 2030.

Breaking down those figures even further, these have been found to be the three most common forms of cancer in both sexes:

Lung - the most common type worldwide contributing nearly 13% of the total number of new cases diagnosed in 2008
Breast (women only) - the second most common type with nearly 1.4 million new cases in 2008
Colorectal - the third most common with over 1.2 million new cases in 2008
Gastrointestinal cancers

In fourth place is stomach cancer, along with others that affect the gastro intestine. It is a disease in which bad cells form in organs involved in digesting food or flushing out waste, counting the stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, colon, and rectum and is classified according to the organ in which it forms as follows:

Stomach (also called gastric cancer) begins in the cells that line the inner layer of the stomach and then grow outward. It is often diagnosed at an highly developed stage, when it can be treated but not so often cured.

Risk factors for developing gastrointestinal cancer

Although not much is known about the causes of many types of gastrointestinal cancer, it is known that the risk factors vary among different types. These include:

Diet: Eating a high-fat diet is a risk factor for small intestine, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. A diet high in salty and smoked foods increases the risk to it as well as a diet high in red meat, processed meats and meats cooked at high temperatures increases risk of colorectal cancer. A diet that includes too few fruits and vegetables increases risk of both colorectal and stomach cancer.

Age: Many types of gastrointestinal cancers increase in frequency as people age.

Cigarettes: Smoking cigarettes increases risk of stomach and pancreatic cancer.

Excessive alcohol use: Excess alcohol increases the risk of liver and colorectal cancer.

Obesity: Being overweight is a risk factor for biliary cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Family history of gastrointestinal cancer: If your parent or sibling has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal cancer.

Diabetes: Having diabetes increases your risk of pancreatic cancer and liver cancer.

Sedentary lifestyle: Exercising too little increases the risk of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer.








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Monday, 26 December 2016

Types of Cancers - Cancer

Cancer types can be grouped into broader categories. The main categories of cancer include:

Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. There are a number of subtypes of carcinoma, including adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma.

Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/



Leukaemia
a - cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.
http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


http://cancers-list.blogspot.com/


Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system.
Central nervous system cancers - cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.
    


Most common cancers in men and women are:

Bile duct cancer
Blood cancer
Breast cancer
Bladder cancer
Bone cancer
Brain cancer
Cervical cancer 
Colon cancer
Esophageal cancer
Endometrial cancer
Kidney cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer
Ovarian cancer
Oral cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Prostate cancer
Rectal cancer
Stomach cancer
Skin cancer
Testicular cancer 
Thyroid cancer
Throat cancer


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